Yearbook 2010 UK. Labor forces urged Prime Minister Gordon Brown to resign as party leader at the beginning of the year, but even this time he was able to remain despite dissatisfaction with his leadership within the party. In January, former Prime Minister Tony Blair testified before the independent inquiry into the Iraq war led…
Category: Europe
MEDITERRANEAN CULTIVATION ZONE
The Mediterranean cultivation is characterized by a variety of heat-loving crops, its focus is on fruit and vegetable cultivation and special crops. Traditionally, Mediterranean cultivation is defined by the distribution of the olive tree, which, as a subtropical plant, requires an average annual temperature of 15 ° C to 22 ° C and an annual rainfall of between 500 and 700 millimeters. Since the olive tree is very sensitive to frost, its cultivation limit is already in the south of France.
A second group of key plants form the citrus or citrus fruits, but the similarly high heat demands such as the olive tree pose, with their moisture requirements from 1,200 to 2,000 millimeters of annual precipitation in many places only irrigated cultivated can be. For vegetables, the tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers have a special position. The most important rice-growing region in Europe, Northern Italy, is also located in this zone. One of the most important fruit plants on earth is the grapevine. It requires an annual mean temperature of only 10 ° C to 12 ° C – which is why it can be found far beyond the borders of this zone in Germany, Austria and France -, a vegetation period of 180 to 200 days and at least 19 ° C during maturity.
In Europe, cork oaks are mainly grown in Portugal and Spain, with further plantations in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria.
The tobacco that existed in earlier centuries in Germany even greater extent, is still found throughout the Mediterranean region of Portugal to the Aegean. However, it is only of economic importance in Greece, Italy and Bulgaria. In an international comparison, soybeans and cotton are only grown in Europe in small quantities, although in Italy they have recently been growing; other larger soy producers are Russia and Ukraine. In Europe, cotton is of economic importance only in Greece; only small quantities are cultivated in Spain. Date palms are only grown south of the Mediterranean. Plant production in the entire Mediterranean region is supplemented by keeping sheep, but also cattle, pigs and goats. For more information about the continent of Europe, please check thesciencetutor.org.
Ukraine 2010
In 2010, Ukraine was a country in Eastern Europe with a population of around 46 million people. It was bordered by Belarus, Moldova, Russia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland. The capital city was Kiev. The currency of Ukraine at this time was the hryvnia. The official language of the country was Ukrainian but Russian and other…
Switzerland 2010
Yearbook 2010 Switzerland. A diplomatic dispute arose in February when it became clear that Germany had bought a stolen list of names of German taxpayers with accounts in Switzerland of a former bank employee. According to COUNTRYAAH, Switzerland has a population of 8.545 million (2019). Germany defended the purchase and referred to a similar purchase…
Spain 2010
In 2010, Spain was a rapidly growing economy with a population of approximately 46 million. The country had just come out of an economic crisis and was beginning to recover, with GDP growth reaching 3.9%. The unemployment rate was still high at 20%, but the Spanish government was beginning to take steps to reduce it….
Slovenia 2010
Yearbook 2010 Slovenia. According to COUNTRYAAH, Slovenia has a population of 2.081 million (2019). The bourgeois opposition considered that an agreement with Croatia to resolve a border dispute through international mediation constituted “capitulation” and called for a binding referendum on the issue. Although Prime Minister Borut Pahor signed an agreement on mediation with his Croatian…
Slovakia 2010
Yearbook 2010 Slovakia. In March, President Ivan Gašparovič vetoed a contentious law aimed at strengthening Slovak patriotism. Among other things, the law required that the schools play the national anthem every Monday and that the flag should be in the classrooms. The law was a work of a nationalist party in the government coalition and…
Serbia 2010
Yearbook 2010 In March, Serbia apologized for the Srebrenica massacre in Bosnia in 1995, when several thousand Muslim boys and men were murdered by Bosnian Serb forces. Parliament adopted, by a marginal margin, a resolution condemning the massacre and apologizing to the victims’ relatives. The International Court of Justice in The Hague had ruled that…
San Marino 2010
Yearbook 2010 San Marino. According to COUNTRYAAH, San Marino has a population of 33,785 (2018). The International Monetary Fund (IMF) called on San Marino to reform its pension system to overcome deficits. The national football team fought bravely in the European Championship qualifiers but failed to repeat the bravery from 2004, namely to win a…
Russia 2010
In 2010, Russia was a country of diverse cultures and landscapes. It was the largest country in the world and spanned across nine different time zones. The population of the country was estimated to be around 142 million people, with 80% living in urban areas. The capital city of Moscow was a bustling metropolis with…
Romania 2010
Yearbook 2010 Romania. According to COUNTRYAAH, Romania has a population of 19.41 million (2019). The government that took office before the New Year was forced into unpopular austerity measures to lower the budget deficit and pave the way for necessary loans from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the EU and the World Bank. For Romania,…
Portugal 2010
Yearbook 2010 Portugal. According to COUNTRYAAH, Portugal has a population of 10.28 million (2019). The economic recession Portugal entered into in 2009 continued with unabated strength throughout 2010. This meant that a recurring mantra for the year became austerity measures (mediated by the austerities) and how different parties reacted to them. Land area 92,090 km²…
Poland 2010
In 2010, Poland was a developing country with a population of around 38 million people. It had recently joined the European Union in 2004 and was experiencing rapid economic growth. Poland had a strong industrial base, with the majority of its workers employed in the service sector. The country was also making strides in modernizing…
Norway 2010
In 2010, Norway was a prosperous and peaceful country with a population of 4.9 million people. It had the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund and an economy heavily reliant on oil and gas exports. Norway was ranked as one of the happiest countries in the world, due to its high quality of life, low unemployment…
Northern Macedonia 2010
Yearbook 2010 Northern Macedonia (until 2019 Macedonia). Tensions between the Macedonian majority and the country’s Albanian minority came in the day when schools were ordered from the spring term to introduce first-class Macedonian education for Albanian children. The decision led to a widespread school boycott. According to COUNTRYAAH, Northern Macedonia has a population of 2.077…
Netherlands 2010
Yearbook 2010 Netherlands. The three-year-old coalition government burst in February because of disagreements over the military operation in Afghanistan. NATO wanted to keep close to 2,000 Dutch soldiers. Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende’s Christian Democratic Party CDA advocated extended mandate for the troops, but the Social Democratic Labor Party bluntly refused. When no compromise could…
Montenegro 2010
Yearbook 2010 Montenegro. According to COUNTRYAAH, Montenegro has a population of 622,182 (2019). Efforts continued to achieve EU and NATO membership. The country participated in the armed operation in Afghanistan and planned to send troops to fight pirates outside Somalia. The major stumbling block was deficiencies in the judiciary and widespread corruption, just as in…
Monaco 2010
Yearbook 2010 Monaco. According to COUNTRYAAH, Monaco has a population of 38,682 (2018). The head of state, Prince Albert, announced in June that he was engaged to South African swimmer Charlene Wittstock. The 52-year-old Albert previously had a reputation for being a bachelor and playboy. Since joining the throne in 2005, he has acknowledged two…
Moldova 2010
Yearbook 2010 Moldova. The nation was persecuted by Parliament’s failure last year to create a majority for the election of new president. The political deadlock slowed down necessary reforms in one of Europe’s poorest and most corrupt countries. According to COUNTRYAAH, Moldova has a population of 3.546 million (2018). The Constitutional Court ruled in March…
Malta 2010
Yearbook 2010 Malta. EU Refugee Commissioner Cecilia Malmström visited Malta on 30 April. Malmström, who had previously criticized Malta’s treatment of refugee children, visited internment camps where children are often forced to live with adults in difficult conditions. According to aid organizations, asylum seekers also lack access to care and school. According to COUNTRYAAH, Malta…
Luxembourg 2010
Yearbook 2010 According to COUNTRYAAH, Luxembourg has a population of 613,894 (2019). Luxembourg’s European Commissioner Viviane Reding caused resurrection when she accused France of treating Roma as badly as Jews during World War II in unusually harsh terms. Reding threatened to bring France before the European Court of Justice for violations of rules on free…
Lithuania 2010
Lithuania in 2010 was a country on the brink of major changes. This was due, in part, to the fact that Lithuania had recently joined the European Union, and had been granted a large influx of foreign investment. The economy was growing steadily, and unemployment rates were low. The country also had a vibrant cultural…
Liechtenstein 2010
Yearbook 2010 Liechtenstein. According to COUNTRYAAH, Liechtenstein has a population of 38,378 (2019). The Principality celebrated the 20th anniversary of its membership in the UN by publishing a charity CD along with German record label Permanent Vacation, known for trendy club music. The somewhat original move was the result of a Liechtenstein UN attaché’s contacts…
Latvia 2010
Yearbook 2010 Latvia. The deep economic crisis and the severe budget cuts hampered the government’s cohesion. In March, oligarch Andris Skele withdrew his party, the People’s Party, from the coalition. However, Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis continued to rule in the minority and managed to remain in office until the autumn parliamentary elections. Before the election,…
Kosovo 2010
Yearbook 2010 Kosovo. In July, the message came from the International Court of Justice in The Hague, which, at the request of Serbia, tested whether Kosovo’s declaration of independence in 2008 was in accordance with international law. The UN Court answered the question, which for Kosovo was a historically important success. Yet only 69 of…
Italy 2010
Yearbook 2010 Italy. A serious crack occurred during the year in Silvio Berlusconi’s government, and its future was uncertain. According to COUNTRYAAH, Italy has a population of 60.36 million (2019). The controversial leader’s popularity continued to decline, partly as a result of new revelations about contacts with very young women. Close employees began to criticize…
Ireland 2010
Yearbook 2010 Ireland. The crisis in the Irish banking system intensified during the year and the government had to postpone several times to keep the banks alive. The most vulnerable was Anglo Irish Bank (AIB), which in December 2008 had been taken over by the state and whose shares were now falling rapidly. This is…
Iceland 2010
Yearbook 2010 Iceland. According to COUNTRYAAH, Iceland has a population of 356,991 (2019). 2010 was the year when the world learned the name of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull. Eyjafjallajökull east of Reykjavík experienced several outbreaks during the spring which spread ash clouds across much of Europe and occasionally blocked air traffic in many countries, including…
Hungary 2010
In 2010, Hungary was a country located in Central Europe. It is bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, and Croatia. The population of Hungary in 2010 was around 10 million people and the official language was Hungarian. The capital city of Hungary is Budapest and it is a major cultural center in the region….
Greece 2010
Yearbook 2010 Greece. Heavily pushed by the EU and, above all, by the euro area countries, the Greek government struggled to tackle its debt crisis and prevent the economy from falling freely. An urgent EU survey showed that the 2009 budget deficit had been underestimated and was about 15.4 percent of GDP instead of 12.7…
Germany 2010
In 2010, Germany was a prosperous and thriving nation. With a population of over 82 million people, it was the most populous country in the European Union and one of the world’s major economic powers. The country had a strong economy with low unemployment, a high standard of living, and an abundance of natural resources….
France 2010
In 2010, France was a nation of 65 million people, with the majority living in urban areas. The country was home to a number of world-renowned cities, including Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. In terms of culture and lifestyle, France was known for its relaxed pace of life and the appreciation of fine food. It also…
Finland 2010
Yearbook 2010 Finland. Minister of Local Government and Administration Mari Kiviniemi was elected new chair of the Center Party in June after Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen, who announced his resignation six months in advance. This meant that Kiviniemi, 41, also took over as prime minister after Vanhanen. She thus became Finland’s second female prime minister….
Faroe Islands 2010
Yearbook 2010 Faroe Islands. In March the Lagtinget presented a proposal for a new constitution for the Faroe Islands, where it was mentioned, among other things, that all power lies with the people of the Faroe Islands. At the same time, the national community was not mentioned with Denmark. The Danish government reacted, saying that…
Estonia 2010
Yearbook 2010 Estonia. At the beginning of the year, 89-year-old wealthy Estonian businessman Harry Männil died in Costa Rica. He was charged with collaboration with Gestapo and participation in the murder of Jews during the Nazi occupation of Estonia during the Second World War. Prosecutors in Estonia had written off the suspicions against Männil in…
Denmark 2010
In 2010, Denmark was a small, prosperous country in northern Europe. It had a population of 5.5 million people and the capital was Copenhagen. The official language was Danish and the currency was the Danish krone. The government was a constitutional monarchy with Queen Margrethe II as its head of state. The economy relied heavily…
Czech Republic 2010
Yearbook 2010 Czech Republic. After severe political divisions, the Czech Republic had lived with an expedition minister for almost a year, when President Václav Klaus in February announced elections. Former Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek was forced to leave his post as leader of the market-oriented Democratic Citizenship Party, ODS, following scandalous statements about both the…
Cyprus 2010
Yearbook 2010 Cyprus. The conflict between the parties on the shared island remained unsolved. In the Turkish Cypriot presidential election in April, Derviş Eroğlu, the head of government and leader of the right-wing National Unity Party (UBP), won. He appointed newly appointed UBP leader İrsen K邦ç邦k, who previously held several ministerial posts, as new prime…
Croatia 2010
In 2010, Croatia was still a relatively new country, having declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Croatia is located in the Balkan region of Europe and has a population of 4.2 million people. The country is bordered by Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the north, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the…
Cagliari Attractions and Tourist
Attractions in Cagliari Most tourists from Norway come to Sardinia enough to enjoy the sun and beaches. But if you visit Cagliari then you should definitely bring some history, culture and various other attractions. Cagliari is not a small town at all. And this applies to both population and perimeter. So of course there are…
Bulgaria 2010
In 2010, Bulgaria was a parliamentary democracy located in Southeast Europe. It was bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The country had a population of 7.3 million people, with the majority of them living in urban areas. The official language of Bulgaria…